Causes, Classification, Diognosis And Treatment Of Intellectual Disability

Abstract

            In India, about 75 per cent of all cases diagnosed, doctors are not able to discover a specific reason for the disability. The causes of intellectual disability are repeatedly unknown, even among those who have been identified; the majorities are excluded by the rest of society. So, the preset study discussed the various causes of intellectual disability and how to diagnosis or what kind of symptoms where we can realize the intellectual disability. The diagnosis of intellectual disability requires clinical evaluation and judgment as well as a formal testing of the cognitive and adaptive functions. Such formal testing is done by individually administered standardized tests such as; the Stanford Binet Intelligence Test, Behavior assessment scales in Indian setting, Seguin Form a Board test, Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Gesell Developmental Schedules, Madras Developmental Programming System etc. The clear and easy idea of classification of ID given by the DSM-5 diagnosed the satisfaction of three criteria: mild, moderate, severe, and profound have been used to describe the severity of the condition. This approach has been helpful in that aspects of mild to moderate ID differ from severe to profound ID. The DSM-5 retains the grouping with more focus on daily skills than on specific IQ range. The research paper also discussed how to treatment of an individual with intellectual disability depends on the identified underlying cause and appropriate support to allow optimal functioning and independent living. Persons who have severe intellectual disability require life-long intensive supports.