Reactualization of Tourism Destination Management Policy: Good Practices from Indonesia

Abstract

The Biak Numfor Regency Tourism Office, Indonesia has established a policy to categorize or label selected tourist destinations into superior destinations to facilitate supervision and increase tourism competitiveness, increase regional economic growth, increase the quantity and quality of regional infrastructure, and improve community welfare. This research, which was conducted in Biak Numfor Regency, determined ten destinations in the category of leading tourist destinations. This descriptive-qualitative-explorative research aims to obtain data and information from community members and tourism destination managers by using observation and interview techniques. The actualization of the leading tourist destination management policy in Biak Numfor is based on tourism supporting elements, namely People, Planet, Property abbreviated as 3P and four aspects of tourism management namely Attraction, Amenities, Access, and Ancillary, abbreviated A4. The results showed that several A4 elements did not work well, namely people, attraction, and ancillary. Meanwhile, the elements of the planet, prosperity, amenities, and access have been actualized, although in some tourist destinations the achievement of indicators is still not optimal. If we look closely, in Biak Numfor Regency, 3P and 4A can only work well if there is support from below through the community (bottom-up) and from above through the government (top-down). The actualization of tourism destination management policies proves that the actors who should play the most role are the government and the community. Although there is also support from the private sector and some local communities who care about tourism. The roles of the actors still seem to function partially and have not been bound by a clear work plan for their task. Three determinant factors affect tourism management, namely Ulayat land rights, community mindsets, and synergistic cooperation between stakeholders. Therefore, it is necessary to actualize policies that regulate land litigation in Biak, policies to improve the quality of Human Resources that can compete and collaborate with various actors who can sustainably develop the tourism sector.