Energy Efficient Green Wireless Sensor Network using Tree-Based Distributed Clustering (GTBC) Routing Protocol

Abstract

In the world of IT, current and updated information plays a vital role. This demand leads to the extensive use of wireless sensor network in many application domains. WSN constitutes of small sensing units which are responsible to sense the event, compute its sensed data and communicate it to the receiving base station for further processing and decision making. These sensors are battery operated and mostly deployed in unfavorable conditions, where human intervention is either difficult or not feasible, so if the battery support ends for any sensing device, it cannot be replaced. This situation brings our focus to energy conservation. Here, establishing an efficient route for data communication is one of the remedial solutions to manage on this critical energy source. Routing protocols which are based on network structure are said to consume less energy for transmitting the sensed data. Among which hierarchically structured homogeneous routing protocols are best-suited solution for reducing energy utilization, as it avoids unnecessary and repetitive data transmission.

In this paper, our aim is to develop a novel Green Tree-Based Distributed Clustering Routing Protocol (GTBC) for energy efficiency in WSN. The proposed method comprises of three steps, which are Constructing a Hop Tree structure, creating a Cluster and Selection of Cluster Head and finally establishing an efficient and reliable route. The simulation analysis is done using Network simulator, MatLab2019b. Secondly, the performance of GTBC is analyzed and an optimal ratio of number of nodes deployed in the network to the area of the network is identified and it also suggests the permissible levels in tree structure, so as to increase the energy efficiency in WSN. Lastly, the performance of GTBC is compared with the existing hierarchically structured routing protocols such as Leach, HEED, Pegasis and TBC. Results shows GTBC outperforms all the other protocols on the parameters of, Round at which the first node completely exhausts it energy, Average residual energy of the network, packet delivery ratio, packet loss rate and Throughput of the Network, increasing the lifespan of the network.