Bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance profile in an outhospital environment

Abstract

Introduction Bacterial infections are a real public health problem ; they are common in both hospitals and community settings. The objective of our work is to describe the epidemiological situation, and the profile of the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics in the extrahospital environment.

Material and Methods It is a prospective study of descriptive type. It was carried out at the 3 medical analysis laboratories of Meknes city over a period of eight months. Inclusion criteria were all positive specimens: urinary examination, vaginal swab, urethral swab, pus, sputum, sperm. The exclusion criteria concerned patients with negative examinations and other microorganisms. An antibiogram is performed for the study of resistance. The exploitation of the data was performed and analyzed statistically.

Results We collected a total of 762 samples, 675 strains of Gram-negative bacilli (88.6%), 83 of Gram-positive cocci (10.9%), and 10 Gram-negative cocci (0.5%). The most frequent bacteria are Escherichia coli (69.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.7%), Staphylococcus sp. (4.6%). Urinary cytobacteriological examinations are the most frequent (90.7%), followed by vaginal samples (3.8%), and urethral samples (1.8%). The elderly population is the most affected with a female predominance (66%). The sensitivity of Enterobacteriaceae is reduced for Amoxicillin (25.6%), and Ampicillin (22.8%). On the other hand, the highest sensitivities were observed for Imipenem (100%), Amikacin (94.1%) and Colistin (96.6%).

Conclusion The etiological profile of bacterial infections and that of the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics are likely to vary in space and time, which requires action at all levels of society to reduce the impact and limit the propagation of resistance.