Major Applications of Antioxidant Enzymes in Cancer Treatments: A Review

Abstract

The Major Applications of Antioxidant Enzymes in Cancer Treatments were investigated in the present study. Throughout human cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) perform an important function. High production of ROS destroys essential macromolecules like nucleic acids, which can start and progress the carcinogenesis cycle. Antioxidant enzymes are vital in the identification of neoplastic illnesses like non-small cell ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, & colon cancer. Reduced CAT & SOD activities, as well as elevated glutathione GST occurrence, are common features of non-small cell cancer related to lungs. Cancer related to bladder is associated with decreased SOD, CAT, as well as GPx activities. With ovarian cancer patients, the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutases (SOD), & glutathione peroxidases (GPx) are reduced. MnSOD activity (in vitro research) as well as SOD activity are elevated in colorectal cancer, but CAT, GPx, & GR are lowered (in vivo research). In different cancers, SOD, CAT, & XOR are good predictive indicators. Glutathione reductases, thioredoxin, glutathione S-transferases, GPx, Catalase, SOD, heme oxygenase-1, as well as quinone oxidoreductases are among the cytoprotective or stress-responsive enzymes that are activated by Nrf2. Changes inside the Nrf2 and Keap1 genes, unexpectedly, cause variations in the activation of a large variety of oxidant or antioxidant genes which support both cancer development and therapy. Antioxidants can aid to keep both damaged and healthy cells throughout anti-cancer treatments, limiting the treatment's effectiveness. As a result, several doctors are hesitant to prescribe antioxidants, particularly vitamins as well as supplements, throughout chemo/radiation treatments.