Prevalence of bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance profile in an outhospital environment

Abstract

Introduction: Bacteria are the most commonly reported etiological agents in infections. As a result, antibiotic resistance is a real public health problem. The objective of this study is to evaluate the frequency of isolation of bacteria and the sensitivity of the most frequent antibiotic bacteria to the outhospital environment.

Materials and Methods: It is a prospective study of descriptive type. It was carried out at the 4 medical analysis laboratories of Rabat city over a period of six months. Inclusion criteria were all positive specimens: urinary examination, vaginal swab, urethral swab, pus, sputum, sperm. The exclusion criteria concerned patients with negative examinations and other microorganisms (viruses, mycoses and parasites). Data collection was done using a fact sheet. An antibiogram is performed for the study of resistance. The exploitation of the data was performed and analyzed statistically.

Results: Of a total of 3689 samples, 900 isolated strains were responsible for bacterial infections and meeting the inclusion criteria. 608 strains were enterobacteria with a prevalence of 67.2%. The bacteriological profile was largely dominated by Escherichia coli (47.1%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.4%) and Staphylococcus agalactiae (8.1%)... The results of the cytobacteriological examination showed that pathogenic bacteria affect women more than men with 70% of cases, the elderly are the most affected by bacteria with 31.8% of cases. For enterobacteriaceae, the weakest sensitivities in an extra-hospital environment were recorded with Amoxicillin followed by Ticarcillin, Cefalotin, and Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, respectively. On the other hand, the highest sensitivities in extra-hospital settings were observed for Imipenem, Colistin, Furan, Aminoglycosides.

Conclusion: The overall results showed an increase in the resistance of certain bacteria. This elevation could be related to the selection pressure due to the misuse of antibiotics. Regular monitoring is essential to define effective and appropriate therapeutic strategies, limiting the emergence and spread of highly resistant strains.