Evaluation Of Photophysical Properties Of Biological Active 3-(2-( H-Imidazol-1-Yl)-1Methoxyethyl)- H-Chromen-2-One Derivatives Using Density Functional Theory

Abstract

This research delves into Density Functional Theory (DFT) investigations concerning a novel 1Aza-Coumarin-Linked Miconazole derivative, denoted as 4-((2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-1-(2oxo-2H-chromen-^[1]-yl)ethoxy)methyl)-7-methoxy-2H-chromen-2-one (^[2][3]BEXO). Utilizing DFT calculations, we examined various energy components of 4BEXO in its ground state, both in isolation and in diverse solvent environments, to analyze solvent effects comprehensively. Through computational analysis, the bond lengths, angles, and dihedral angles suggest that the molecule possesses a stable configuration, optimized for minimal strain and favorable electronic distribution. The Mulliken charge distribution indicates a shift in electron density when the molecule is placed in different solvents, highlighting the influence of the surrounding environment on its reactivity and stability. Furthermore, the Global Chemical Reactivity Descriptors (GCRD) reveal a balance between stability and reactivity, with the HOMO-LUMO energy gap (3.726 eV) suggesting moderate chemical stability with potential for reactivity. The ionization potential (6.413 eV) and electron affinity (2.687 eV) indicate that the molecule has a moderate tendency to lose and gain electrons, respectively. The chemical hardness (1.863 eV) and softness (0.268 eV⁻¹) values reflect a relatively stable yet reactive nature, with a high electrophilicity index (5.556 eV) confirming the molecule’s strong electrophilic character. Our analysis encompassed optimized geometry, Mulliken charge distribution in ground and excited states, and computed highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gaps of 4BEXO in different mediums, facilitating the determination of solvation energy, ionization potential, electron affinity, chemical hardness, electron chemical potential, electronegativity, and global electrophilicity. Additionally, we scrutinized UVVis spectrum and emission energy using the Time-Dependent DFT (TD-DFT) method, and conducted density distribution analysis via total electron density and molecular electrostatic potential to comprehend potential distribution across the molecule. Furthermore, a frontier molecular orbitals analysis was undertaken. This study aims to provide insights into the electronic, thermodynamic, and spectroscopic parameters of the coumarin derivative, particularly considering solvent and solute-solvent interactions. Overall, these findings suggest that 4BEXO is a stable yet reactive compound, with potential applications in fields requiring specific interactions with nucleophiles and other reactive species.